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Methodology & sources

Our calculators apply published tax rules and standard financial formulas. Each calculation runs in your browser; nothing you enter is sent to our servers. This page lists the sources and simplifications for every dataset we use.

US paycheck calculator (2026)

Federal income tax uses the 2026 brackets and standard deduction. Social Security, Medicare and the Additional Medicare Tax use the 2026 rates and wage base. The child tax credit is applied to federal income tax, with any refundable portion shown separately. State tax uses each state's rates, deductions and exemptions, plus employee payroll programs such as disability and paid-leave insurance.

Federal sources

Assumptions

  • Assumes wages are your only income and you take the standard deduction.
  • Federal tax is your estimated annual liability spread evenly across paychecks; your employer’s withholding (based on your W-4) can differ.
  • Includes the 2025–2028 deductions for overtime (when you enter hourly pay over 40 hours a week, the extra half of time-and-a-half) and for people 65 or older. The tips and car-loan interest deductions are not included.
  • The earned income credit assumes the children you enter are qualifying children and that you have no investment income over $12,200; married people filing separately are treated as not eligible.
  • The $500 credit for other dependents (for example, children 17 or older) is not included.
  • Additional Medicare Tax is shown as what you owe for the year. Employers withhold it on wages over $200,000 whatever your filing status, so your paychecks can differ.
  • The 65+ option assumes you are not enrolled in Medicare: once you are, you can no longer contribute to an HSA.

States

Alabama

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Alaska

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Arizona

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Arkansas

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California

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Colorado

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Connecticut

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Delaware

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District of Columbia

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  • DC’s standard deduction no longer follows the federal amount: it is $15,000 ($30,000 joint, $22,500 head of household) for 2026 under DC Act 26-416.
  • Includes the federal overtime, tips and senior deductions, which DC allows from 2026.
  • Source: DC Act 26-416
  • Source: DC Code §47-1806.03 (tax rates)

Florida

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Georgia

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  • Includes the 4.99% rate and higher deductions from HB 463, retroactive to January 1, 2026.
  • The overtime exclusion (up to $1,750 of overtime premium) applies to full-time hourly employees; a married couple who both earn overtime may each claim it.
  • Georgia also excludes up to $1,750 of cash tips in a tipped occupation (2026–2028).
  • Source: Georgia DOR: 2026 Employer’s Tax Guide (June 2026)
  • Source: Georgia HB 463 (2026, signed)

Hawaii

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Idaho

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Illinois

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Indiana

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Iowa

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Kansas

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Kentucky

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Louisiana

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Maine

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Maryland

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Massachusetts

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Michigan

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Minnesota

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Mississippi

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  • Married couples are assumed to have one earner. Each spouse’s $10,000 zero-rate amount applies only to their own income, so a two-earner couple may pay up to $400 less.
  • Source: Mississippi DOR: tax rates

Missouri

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Montana

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Nebraska

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Nevada

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New Hampshire

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New Jersey

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New Mexico

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New York

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North Carolina

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North Dakota

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Ohio

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Oklahoma

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Oregon

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Pennsylvania

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Rhode Island

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South Carolina

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South Dakota

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Tennessee

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Texas

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Utah

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Vermont

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Virginia

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Washington

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West Virginia

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Wisconsin

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Wyoming

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US tax refund, tips, overtime and bonus calculators (2026)

The tax refund calculator applies the same federal and state rules as the paycheck calculator to a year's wages: the standard deduction, the 2025–2028 deductions for tips, overtime and people 65 or older, the child tax credit and the credit for other dependents, and the earned income credit. It then compares the tax with what was withheld. The no tax on tips and no tax on overtime calculators work out the same return with and without the deduction. Each state's treatment of those deductions follows its own law for 2026.

The bonus tax calculator uses the federal supplemental wage rates in IRS Publication 15 (22%, and 37% above $1 million a year) and each state's rule for withholding from bonuses paid separately. Where a state has no flat rate, the state amount is an estimate of the extra state tax for the year. Social Security, Medicare and state payroll programs follow the paycheck calculator.

State bonus withholding sources

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Canada income tax calculator (2026)

Federal and provincial income tax use the 2026 brackets, with non-refundable credits for the basic personal amount, the Canada employment amount, base CPP or QPP contributions and EI premiums. Enhanced CPP/QPP contributions and CPP2/QPP2 are deducted from income. Quebec uses its own rules: the deduction for workers, no provincial credit for QPP, EI or QPIP, and the 16.5% federal abatement. Ontario includes the surtax, the Ontario tax reduction and the Ontario Health Premium.

Federal sources

Assumptions

  • Assumes employment income is your only income and you claim the basic personal amount and the Canada employment amount.
  • Tax is your estimated annual liability spread evenly across pay periods; your employer’s withholding (based on your TD1) can differ slightly.
  • CPP and EI are spread evenly too. In practice they stop once you reach the yearly maximum (EI at $68,900 of earnings, CPP at $74,600 and CPP2 at $85,000), so higher earners’ last paycheques of the year are larger.
  • From July to December 2026, employers in British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador and Prince Edward Island use catch-up rates for mid-year changes, so those paycheques differ slightly; the yearly total is the same.
  • The Canada Workers Benefit and other refundable benefits you claim on your return are not included.
  • The temporary federal top-up credit (2025–2030) only affects people with very large non-refundable credits and is not included.

Provinces and territories

Alberta

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British Columbia

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  • BC raised its lowest rate from 5.06% to 5.60% in February 2026, back-dated to January 1; this estimate uses the full-year 5.60% rate.

Manitoba

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New Brunswick

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Newfoundland and Labrador

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  • The 2026 basic personal amount reflects the April 2026 budget increase, which is still being phased in.
  • The low-income reduction threshold ($24,191) is the 2025 amount indexed by 1.1%; the CRA publishes the final amount with the 2026 tax forms.
  • Source: Newfoundland and Labrador Regulation 18/26

Nova Scotia

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Northwest Territories

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Nunavut

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Ontario

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  • The Ontario LIFT credit for lower-income workers is claimed on your tax return and is not included.

Prince Edward Island

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Quebec

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Saskatchewan

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  • The refundable Saskatchewan Low-Income Tax Credit is paid quarterly and is not included.

Yukon

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UK salary calculator (2026/27)

Income Tax uses the 2026/27 Personal Allowance (reduced by £1 for every £2 of income over £100,000) and the rates for England, Wales and Northern Ireland, or Scotland's six bands for Scottish taxpayers. Employee National Insurance (Class 1) and student loan repayments are worked out on yearly earnings. Pension contributions are handled according to how your scheme takes them: salary sacrifice, net pay or relief at source.

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Australian pay calculator (2026–27)

Income tax uses the 2026–27 rates for residents, foreign residents or working holiday makers, less the low income tax offset. The Medicare levy includes the low-income reduction, and the Medicare levy surcharge applies when you have no private hospital cover. HELP repayments use the marginal repayment system. Salary sacrifice reduces taxable income but counts towards the surcharge and HELP income tests. Super guarantee is shown at 12% of salary, on top of take-home pay.

Checked line by line against the official sources below on October 13, 2026.

Irish salary calculator (2026)

Income tax uses the 2026 standard rate band for your tax status, at 20% and 40%, less the personal and employee tax credits (and the Single Person Child Carer credit for single parents). Pension contributions get relief at your marginal rate, up to the limit for your age (15% of pay under 30, rising to 40% at 60 and over). USC is charged on your total pay, with the exemption limit and the reduced rates for full medical card holders. Class A1 PRSI is worked out on weekly-equivalent pay, with the PRSI credit, at each employee rate for the part of the year it applies.

Checked line by line against the official sources below on October 13, 2026.

New Zealand PAYE calculator (2026–27)

Income tax uses the 2026–27 rates for individuals, less the independent earner tax credit on tax code ME. The ACC earners' levy is charged on earnings up to the maximum, as part of PAYE, following IRD's payroll specification. Student loan repayments are 12% of pay above the yearly threshold. KiwiSaver contributions come out of pay after tax; the employer's contribution is shown after employer superannuation contribution tax (ESCT), using the rate for your salary plus employer contributions.

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UK, Australian, Irish and New Zealand mortgage calculators

Repayments use the standard amortization formula, with interest worked out each repayment period and rounded to the cent. Interest-only repayments are the yearly interest divided by the number of repayments. Overpayments and extra repayments reduce the balance straight away. Stamp duty, mortgage insurance, low-equity fees and other buying costs are not included.

In Ireland and New Zealand, the starting price is around the national median and the starting rate is close to the recent average for new lending: 3.5% in Ireland, where the average on new mortgages was 3.48% in July 2026, and 5% in New Zealand, where the average 2-year fixed rate on new lending was 4.99% in August 2026.

Canadian mortgage calculator

Payments use semi-annual compounding, the standard for Canadian fixed-rate mortgages. Mortgage default insurance premiums follow CMHC's rates by loan-to-value, including the surcharge for amortizations over 25 years, and the minimum down payment follows federal rules. Accelerated payments are the monthly payment divided by 2 (bi-weekly) or 4 (weekly).

US mortgage calculator

Monthly principal and interest use the standard fixed-rate amortization formula, with each month's interest rounded to the cent as lenders do. PMI is charged while the down payment is under 20% and stops when the balance reaches 78% of the home price. Property tax and insurance are spread evenly across the year.

Home affordability calculators

Each calculator finds the highest price where your savings cover the minimum deposit and your income passes the country's lending test, searching to the nearest dollar. The test is the 28/36 debt-to-income guideline in the US; the stress test with GDS and TDS limits in Canada; an income multiple in the UK and Ireland; the debt-to-income limit in New Zealand; and, in Australia, repayments at the rate plus APRA's 3% buffer against take-home pay after living costs, within the debt-to-income limit. All savings are used as the deposit, and buying costs such as stamp duty and fees are not included.

United States

Checked line by line against the official sources below on November 2, 2026. Freddie Mac’s average 30-year fixed rate was 7.24% on 29 October 2026.

Canada

Checked line by line against the official sources below on October 13, 2026. New uninsured fixed-rate mortgages of 5 years or more averaged 4.49% in July 2026 (Bank of Canada).

United Kingdom

Checked line by line against the official sources below on October 13, 2026. The average rate on new mortgages was 4.60% in August 2026 (Bank of England).

Australia

Checked line by line against the official sources below on October 13, 2026. New owner-occupier variable home loans averaged 6.2% in August 2026 (RBA).

Ireland

Checked line by line against the official sources below on October 13, 2026. The average rate on new Irish mortgages was 3.48% in July 2026 (Central Bank of Ireland).

New Zealand

Checked line by line against the official sources below on October 13, 2026. New 2-year fixed home loans averaged 4.99% in August 2026 (Reserve Bank of New Zealand).

Australian stamp duty calculator

Duty uses each state and territory's scale for contracts signed now, with the amount over each threshold rounded up to the next $100 where the state charges "per $100 or part" (Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT). Owner-occupier rates and concessions apply when you'll live in the home, and first home buyer relief follows each state's thresholds and phase-out for established homes, new homes and vacant land. Foreign buyer surcharges are added on the value. Off-the-plan concessions, house-and-land package exemptions, grants and registration fees are not included.

Compound interest calculator

Interest is converted to an equivalent monthly rate for the chosen compounding frequency, and contributions are added at the end of each month. Results are before fees and taxes.

FIRE calculator

The FIRE calculator works in today's money: pay, spending and savings rise with inflation, and investments grow each month at the return after inflation. What you don't spend from your take-home pay is invested at the end of each month. Your FIRE number is your yearly spending in retirement divided by the withdrawal rate, and you reach FIRE in the first month your investments are worth at least that. Coast FIRE is the first month your investments could grow to your FIRE number by the age you choose with nothing more added. Bridge years run from your FIRE age to the age retirement accounts usually open without a penalty: 59½ for US 401(k)s and IRAs, 57 for UK pensions (from April 2028), 60 for Australian super and Irish pensions, and 65 for KiwiSaver. Canadian RRSPs can be cashed in at any age. Taxes on investment growth and withdrawals, and government pensions, are not included.